XVI
standard of the ethics of the Vedic religion, it is pre-eminently the Mahabharata. Modern scholars see this and recognise the shallowness of Prof. Holtzmann's theory.. Products of scholarly intellects, wrongs , are honorably termed theories and the burden of disproving false accusations are thrown upon helpless Indian readers. But this instance is not alone ; it has its parallels. The denial of the authorship of the Malavikagnimitra to Kalidasa by Weber and the assignment of the modern Puranas to a late period of the Christian era by Wilson are other illustrations of Holtzmann's precept. India must however be grateful to-European scholars for the deep interest they have evinced in oriental literature, and for the keen incentive they have given to historical investigations.
The Kavyas or artificial epics are modelled after the manner of the Ramayana. They are generally writings of considerable length and eiaboratene&s of construction, indicating ^narrative, the character and incidents of which are of a lofty historical or a supernatural tone or expressing a recital of the events of ordinary or domestic life generally of a contemporary character. These Poems, Kavyas, are the subject of the whole science of Rhetoric ; so that ia the words of Mammata, a Jfcavya is thus characterised >*—
^ffi%^standard work as the Mahabharata were included in the catalogue of the Buddhistic literature, certainly it cannot be dreamt that febe Brahminical transformation could ever have been possible, so as to entirely erase from the huge mass all traces of the "Buddhistic coloring. Clear demonstration is •elsewhere made that the epic long preceded the dawn df the Buddhistic era. 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